Compound steam locomotive



G. BAILLOT ET AL COMPOUND STEAM LOCOMOTIVE 2 Sheets-Sheet l Sept. 15,1953 Filed May 25, 1950 Sept 15, 1953 G. BAlLLoT ET AL 2,652,034

coMPouNn STEAM LocoMoTIvE Filed May 2.5, 195o 2 sheets-sheet 2 3 zo o ge 4 6 6 B c 4 TTONEY Patented Sep-t. l5, Q'

COMPOUND STEAM LOCOMOTIVE Georges Baillot, deceased, late of Embourg,near Liege, Belgium, by Helene Baillot, Liege, and Germaine Baillot,Embourg, near Liege, Belgium, sole heirs, and Ernest Baillot, Liege,Belgium Application May 25, 1950, Serial No. 164,132 In Belgium J une 4,1949 3 claims. l

The invention relates to compound locomotives and the object in view isto realize in a steam locomotive of this type a double integralexpansion, which will permit the power of the locomotive to beincreased.

In the compound system, it is well known that the anticipated highpressure exhaust causes at the receiver a pressure drop without work,which is a loss all the larger as this exhaust generally takes place infull low pressure admission. The ideal solution would be, after gettingthe complete high pressure expansion, to obtain a perfect pressurebalance between the returning surfaces of the small pistons and thereceiver, so that any pressure drop at receiver would only concur withthe admission or better with the low pressure admission lead. But thiswould entail a large loss of work because of the excess compression inthe high pressure cylinders and would involve serious operatingdifliculties, especially at high speeds.

This compression excess arises from the fact that the steam on thereturning surface of high pressure pistons can no longer be delivered tothe receiver on account of the progressive narrowing of the passage atexhaust ports, and is already compressed at the exact moment of portclosing, causing thus a real pre-compression.

Attempts have been made to obviate this trouble by giving a more or lessnegative value to the outside laps of high pressure slide valves and byartiiicially increasing the clearances at admission cylinders, but thiscould only be obtained at the cost of many constructional complications.

This invention affords a very simple solution of this problem byrealizing a double integral expansion locomotive, in which in each setcomprising one high pressure and one low pressure cylinder, thecorresponding cylindrical distributing valves are exactly contiguous andcomprise each three separate chests, the central one being kept, in thesmall slide valve, for the working steam admission, and in the largeslide valve for the concentration of the two exhausts to the chimney,while the two end chests, connected on either side from one slide valveto the other, receive the primary expansion exhaust steam.

Thus, as the two end chests are in one piece in the two slide valves,two small receivers, independent from each other, are obtained in eachset of two cylinders.

It can be understood that the rush of the noncondensing exhaust of thelarge slide valve or of low pressure cannot lead to the slightestreaction on the steam valve gear and. as there is a recess in the slidevalves, a perfectly balanced pressure will be set up at the ends of thesteam chests, where the use of a steam trap is certainly advisable. Atthe same time, this pressure of steam containing oil and condensationwater is a further security for the slide valve tightness and alsoprovides ample lubrication to the rods and packing.

The accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification show byway of example an embodiment or the invention.

Fig. 1 shows schematically a front half view and half section of animproved compound locomotive, in which the low pressure cylinders areset inside the frame and the high pressure cylinders outside on eitherside;

Fig. 2 is a partial view partly in section in a high pressure cylinderand its distributing valve on the line II-II of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a section on the line III-III of Fig. l, in the block formedby the two slide valves of a high pressure and low pressure cylinderset, the high pressure cylinder being shown in partial section.

Referring to the drawings, a valve gear 3 is coupled with high pressurecylinder I and low pressure cylinder 2 and comprises one high pressureslide valve 4 and one low pressure slide valve 5, cast integrally orotherwise. These two slide valves are each driven by a Walschaert gearand, were it not for the advantage obtained by the increase of the lowpressure admission4 against the high pressure admission, the two slidevalves could be coupled and driven by a common link.

Each slide valve 4 and 5 has four rings 6 provided with packings toensure tightness and they move respectively inside the cylindrical facesl' and 8 separated from each other in valve gear 3 by a partition 9which is drilled with side passages I0. In each valve 4 and 5, the rings5 delimit three distinct chests A, B, C and A', B',

C. The middle chest B of slide valve 4 is in- These two chests B and Bare quite distinct, and they are separated by the partition 9. Thecylindrical face 'I is drilled with ports II and II corresponding topassageways I2 and I2 of the high pressure cylinder, while thecylindrical face 8 is drilled with ports I3 and I3 correspondingl 'V 3to identical passageways (not shown) of the low pressure cylinder 2.

Moreover, the cylindrical face 'l is drilled with ports I5 and l5' andcylindrical face 8 with ports I6 and Ixwhichfenscre. cchnecticri.thrcugh side passage I between. chests A ,angitA and C and C; thesechests alternately receive exhaust steam from the high pressure cylinderor primary expansion i. e. the admission steam to the low pressurecylinder. These end,chestsfthus really form -by their dualQinQlQll-Cyl/O small intermediate and independent tank prreceivers. According tothis inventionmthe s e-iatlves vcoupled to the cylinderswillthgsioxgmjniaridurcylinder locomotive four small receivers A-A, C-Cindependent from eachother, the regulating function of which allows inoptimum`condi tions, the development of the different distributionphases, as well for high as for lowfpressu-ige. Thus, the compartmentsA-A and C-C form .tWO .tsm-al1 independent `f.internicsiieite .receiversSinceftheloeemetire has .twchieh cressurecylih- `ders arid twodcwpressure cylinders (eseeeh ih .Fig .1) Ythere ere iniellfcurs..rhe11.independent receivers.

er1 .thefront surfaceorthe ccrresnchdihgflerse.

piston, and .thesame happens ier .thebe'ek suriecee cf .thepistchsin.question- YThe boiler werking ,steam admitted fer instance Orithe-irchtsfiirface .cf..e..s.rnall`pistcheii .pende slightly .therein,by ,e 5 .strcheeithe slide valve, and then unitesfdue'toajgreatlyanticiretedexheust., `withithe .steam 'volume .cchtained in itsintermediate .space and whichis brought et about .two .thirds ,of,thebciler ,pressure. The .high rilreseure .ernennen their ccntinues upto full stroke havingbeen supportedby the Steam ci .the shiallreceirerand acting here es e feeder, .s0 .that et .thegetiirri eisten strche,the pressure .balance cf the Whcleci .the intermediate steam volume ismore ,than ensured.

The pressure `drop -of this volume will v then concur withgadmissiononbet-ter with low Ip ressiiije edmissienleadfto .Obtain the properextension end .with 'the `other ,well-known nhesesgcf the locomotivedistribution.

In the ,present device, .thepressureswredeaeh time in the intermediatespaces has been .estimated t0 be ,ofthe .boiler pressure. ,Bylcarefuiuse Of the 10W vpressure admission, .this pressure cen he brought t0.the mcstedvariteeecus reiht., in Order te prei/.eht thesliehtcstferessure diep when the contents of one receiverisiddded to theintermediate,steam-volume. This faddlticri, and consequently theintermediate balance, will in fact always :be'fattained ,evienwhenthe.-.piston has not travelledhalfof its stroke.

The steam .chests and slide-valvesare .combined in such a way that .a,steam passage section of at least `3 din.2 (46.5 ,squarefinches:between high and :low .pressure .ports is provided ,at-each ireceiveror intermediate space. tor veach position of the `distributing valve,and, ,as-the largest admission, increased by.:40%,1is Istill,ensuredbetween the returning surfaceoffthe small piston and the.expansion cylindenno Yrisk offthe least detri- 4 mental resistance orpre-compression at high speeds is to be feared.

From the foregoing, it can be inferred that the double integralexpansion as outlined above can ,increase Ithe lp oyver of the.locomotive by 28 i.t.030%

The system u'sed for the starting of the fouroylinder compoundlocomotives is well known:

it consists in releasing the exhausts of all cylinders;tothelatmosphere.This result can only be achieved after very, expensive engineeringcomplications. gIn the present instance, compres- .sion`,releajse-.valve s are used, such as l'l, set on the ,low pressureSrcylinder bottom ends, which should be properly regulated (Fig. 2).

Each h ighpressure cylinder is provided with ftwo-smallworking steamfeed cocks I8. These cocks are set in such a manner that their portswill,be hidden :by the high pressure cylinder pistons which act here asvalve gears whenever vthese .pistons arrive at ,the 3A .Stroke point ineach direction (Fig. y 2). This precaution is ,necessary in order tooiersome security against ,en eventualcembressicri QfJhighpressure when themoment of maximum use,'i. e. 51% of admis- ..s ion, is exceeded. YThisadmission, as long as it lasts, has Airl fact the -function of ilimitingto ..8 kgs. (17,5 lbs.) intheapresent instancefthe backpressure by meansof the valves situated onthe low pressure cylinder bottom en ds. Itshould be noted that Ythelocomotive power injits more dis- ,advantageousposition will be by far-.up .to 25ctlarger thank the power developed bythe exhaust system of fourcylinder compoundilocomotives.

Having how particularly. vdescribed .and .ascertained thenature of ,thesaid invention, what is claimed is:

1. In acempcund Steam locomotive, two-cylinder groups, .each comprising,a vhigh pressure cylinder and a low pressure cylin dereach group.ofcylinders beingserved by cylindrical distributing valves formingblock, said .distributing valves defining three distinct compartments, apartition uniting .the 4two .distributing valves, said partition havingtwo .lateral end ,passages and Ytwo distinct central ,ccmpartmentsfformingwith thecompartments provided ,in saiddistributing valves acentral chamber Vfor admitting s tea'm into the high pressure cylinder,a central chamber Yfor the outlet ofsteam from .the Alow pressurecylinder, and two distinct .lateralchambers defining independentlreceivers for the passage vof the steam from thehigh pressure .cylinderto the low pressure cylinder.

2. I n a compound steam locomotive, two ,cylin- .d er groups, eachcomprisingafhigh Apressure cylinder and a low pressure cylinder, eachVgroup .of @,ylriflers beingservedby cylindrical distributing valvesforming a jblockgsaid distributing valves defining vthree distinctcompartments, a partition v uniting .the two distributing valves, vsaidpartition having `two lateral .end passages Vand two ,distinct `centralicompartments, -torn/ring v with the com- .partments .provided in saiddistributing I.Valves a entralchamber for admitting steam into .the highpressure cylinder, 1a central chamber for the outlet .of steam from.thelow pressurecylinder, and two distinct lateral chambers definingindependent receivers for the r-passage lof thesteam from the highpressure cylinder to the Ilow-pressure cylinder, .communication beingAprevented between the two faces of the high pressure pis- -tons in the,central Aposition of the ,corresponding value.

3. In a compound steam locomotive, two cylinder groups, each comprisinga high pressure cylinder and a low pressure cylinder, each group ofcylinders being served by cylindrical distributing valves forming ablock, said distributing Valves dening three distinct compartments, apartition uniting the two distributing valves, said partition having twolateral end passages and two distinct central compartments, forming withthe compartments provided in said distributing valves a central chamberfor admitting steam into the high pressure cylinder, a central chamberfor the outlet of steam from the low pressure cylinder, and two distinctlateral chambers clening independent receivers for the passage of thesteam from the high pressure cylinder to the 10W pressure cylinder,decompression valves mounted on the low pressure cylinders to facilitatestarting, and the high pressure valves being HELENE: BAILLOT,

GERMAINE BAILLOT, Heirs of Georges Baillot, deceased.

ERNEST BAILLOT.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS NumberName Date 406,011 Vauclain June 25, 1889 422,111 Beck Feb. 25, 1890440,531 Beck Nov. 11, 1890 736,888 Smith Aug. 18, 1903 2,134,466 LentzOct. 25, 1938

